海南槟榔产业发展战略研究

介绍了海南槟榔产业发展概况,包括种植情况、加工业发展概况和消费市场概况,海南槟榔种植业发展较快,槟榔初加工业发展颇具规模,而槟榔深加工业却发展滞后;海南产的槟榔除小部分供给岛内消费外,绝大部分都是经过初加工制成干果后销往湖南进行再加工。海南槟榔产业发展存在的问题主要是：盲目种植、管理粗放;加工落后、新产品研发滞后;消费市场集中且单一。提出了海南槟榔产业应该实施绿色、可持续、产品多元化、多样化、协作共赢、外向型的产业发展战略。     

施肥对油菜主要生长期CH4排放的影响

以巢湖油菜田优化施肥(YH)、秸秆施肥(JG)、习惯性施肥（CG）和不施肥（CK）4种施肥类型为研究对象,利用静态箱--气相色谱法测定了油菜生长期间的CH4的排放通量,同时对土温、土壤含水量和空气湿度进行测定,得出油菜田温室气体CH4的排放通量有明显的时间变化特征。与CK相比,YH、CG、JG 3种施肥类型下CH4的排放分别增加了21.50%、27.33%、29.87%。通过对数据进行相关性分析,实验期间CH4的排放通量从整体上与10 cm以下温度正相关、YH处理的土壤含水率与CH4通量在0.05水平显著正相关。     

氮磷钾分期施用对甘薯产量和品质的影响

在重庆市江津区甘薯主产地蔡家镇鸳鸯村2社、石佛村3社两个试验点,采用田间试验研究了相同施肥量下甘薯不同生育期氮磷钾肥分配比例的产量和品质效应。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,以分期施氮钾、分期施氮磷钾各处理均提高甘薯块茎产量,鸳鸯村2社试验点的增幅为6.8%~29.5%,石佛村3社试验点的增幅为7.7%~46.6%,两个试验点均以分期施氮磷钾3处理增产作用最大。分期施肥各处理对甘薯维生素C含量的影响以增加为主,鸳鸯村2社试验点增加4.8%~29.9%,石佛村3社试验点增加0.7%~7.3%。各处理对甘薯块茎淀粉和全钾含量以降低为主,鸳鸯村2社试验点的降幅分别为2.4%~5.5%和12.3%~69.5%;石佛村3社试验点的降幅分别为2.4%~17.4%和0.9%~22.8%。分期施肥对甘薯可溶性糖、全磷和粗蛋白含量的影响,两个试验点结果表现不一致。从总体上看,对甘薯进行分期施肥能明显提高薯块产量和改善部分营养品质。     

Effects of different brassicaceous host plants on the fitness of Pieris brassicae (L.)

Pieris brassicae (L.) is a destructive cosmopolitan pest of cruciferous crops. It is present wherever its host plants occur and it is considered to be one of the most widely distributed of all the Lepidoptera. We investigated the affect of various host plants on the fitness of P. brassicae to survive, develop and reproduce. We quantified development time, survival and mortality on cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis), radish (Raphanus sativus), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica), and mustard (Brassica campestris) under laboratory conditions. The developmental time from eggs to adult eclosion was the shortest (30.3 days) on cabbage and the longest (38.0 days) on radish. However, adult longevity was significantly (P < 0.001) greatest on cabbage compared with the other host plants tested. Similarly, the developmental rate of P. brassicae was found to be faster on cabbage than other cole crops. Moreover, the lowest immature mortality was evident on cabbage and highest on mustard and radish. Differences in reproductive parameters of the P. brassicae among host plants were analyzed using pseudo-values, which were produced by jackknife re-sampling. The data showed that the higher intrinsic rate of natural increase (0.116 females/female/day) was found on cabbage. Cabbage was recognized as the most suitable host for P. brassicae because of shorter developmental period, higher percentage survival, lower doubling time (6.00), and higher number of adult emergence (29.7%).     

B型超声显像技术在实验猕猴繁殖中的应用

采用MEDISON SA-600型超声实时显像仪,以妊娠囊作为主要的判断依据,对658只配种实验猕猴进行早期妊娠诊断的探索。结果表明:妊娠15d诊断准确率为95.5%,20d诊断准确率为100%。同时对猕猴妊娠各期B超影像的特征及猕猴检测的操作特点进行论述。     

对发育生物学教学模式的探讨

针对生物科学专业发育生物学课程的现状和教学过程存在的问题,本文提出了合理选择教学内容,改革教学方式和考核方式等措施,以优化发育生物学课程教学模式。     

光照对美凤蝶滞育蛹发育的影响

[目的]为消除滞育对蝴蝶产业的不利影响。[方法]利用人工气候箱,对光周期与光脉冲对美凤蝶滞育蛹发育影响进行了研究。[结果]结果表明,20℃LD12：12时,滞育蛹第31天开始羽化,持续36d,平均历期46．9d;LD15：9时第37天开始羽化,持续22d,平均历期47．7d。25℃时,LD12：12开始羽化时间为第18天,持续23d,平均历期25．9d;LD15：9为第19d,持续14d,平均历期为26．4d。在25℃时,断光后间隔2h进行2h光脉冲处理,羽化推迟4d,在第19天开始羽化,平均历期延长1．2d,为21．8d;断光4h后进行2h光脉冲处理,羽化提早2d,第15天开始羽化,平均历期缩短1．9d,为18．8d。[结论]光周期和光脉冲对滞育蛹发育均有一定影响,但影响不显著。     

世界林化产品贸易格局及趋势探析

界定出8类主要林化产品,探析世界林化产品贸易格局及趋势.研究发现林化产品贸易主要集中于发展中国家和发达国家间;中国松香、活性炭、松节油、糠醛在世界上占有出口优势,但棕榈油和天然橡胶的进口将导致中国林化产品贸易在未来几年继续逆差;未来世界林化产品贸易额将呈增长趋势.     

镉对紫花苜蓿不同生长期生物量的影响及饲用安全评价

采用温室盆栽试验研究了不同浓度Cd对紫花苜蓿分枝期和开花期的影响,同时对苜蓿的安全生产进行了评估。实验结果表明,在土壤含Cd量 0.37~20.37 mg/kg内,苜蓿分枝期生物量易受Cd影响,开花期则未受影响。苜蓿分枝期和开花期地上部Cd含量都与土壤Cd含量呈显著正相关,且分枝期要比开花期高出2.9~28.5倍。在土壤含Cd量5.37 mg/kg时,苜蓿开花期地上部Cd含量为0.213 mg/kg(干重,下同),未超出饲料卫生安全限定标准(Cd:0.5 mg/kg,GB 13078-2001),而分枝期Cd含量则超出饲料卫生安全限定标准。由拟合方程得出,紫花苜蓿分枝期土壤Cd含量不超过0.55 mg/kg,开花期土壤Cd 含量不超过9.37 mg/kg时,苜蓿干草Cd含量不会超过饲料卫生安全限定标准。     

Quantification of Dry-Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake Pattern of Short Day Onion (Allium cepa L.)

Understanding the physiology of dry-matter accumulation and nutrient uptake pattern of an onion crop is an essential criteria for optimizing fertilizer practices. An experiment was conducted to estimate the dry-matter accumulation and nutrient uptake pattern of short day onion. The dry-matter accumulation and nutrient uptake followed the sigmoid growth curve pattern. Uptake of nitrogen and potassium was slow for the first 15 days followed by rapid uptake from 15 to 60 days after transplanting and accounted for 76.2–78.2% of total uptake. Takeup of phosphorus, sulfur, manganese, zinc, and copper uptake was greater during 30 to 75 days after transplanting and accounted for 64.9–70.6% of total uptake. The deficiency of nutrients during these period reduces the crop yield significantly. The dry-matter accumulation and nutrient-uptake pattern reported in this study provide an opportunity for optimizing quantity and timing of nutrient application through fertilizers for short day onions.